Brief of the European Union and Members of the International Community in Support of Respondent
Keywords international law; death penalty; under 18; minors; juvenilesBrief of New York, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, and West Virginia as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent
Keywords execution; death penalty; age 17; capital sentencing; cruel and unusual punishment; Eighth Amendment (U.S.)Brief of Amici Curiae Juvenile Law Center et al. in Support of Appellee Edwin Ike Mares
Keywords Miller; substantive law; retroactivity; resentencing; Eighth Amendment (U.S.); cruel and unusual punishment; child; mandatory LWOP; life without parole; felony murder; 16-year-old Brief for Amicus Curiae Fair Punishment Project in Support of Petitioner, Willbanks and Nathan
Keywords Eighth Amendment (U.S.); de facto life sentences; children; Miller; Graham; rehabilitation; juvenile brain; transient immaturity; disproportionate sentences; penological purposeAddressing Trauma and Psychosocial Development in Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth: A Synthesis of the Developmental Neuroscience, Juvenile Justice and Trauma Literature
Keywords juvenile justice; adolescent development; self-regulation; trauma; ACEs; neural development; brain developmentBrief of Amici Curiae Juvenile Law Center, Campaign for Fair Sentencing of Youth, et al. in Support of Respondent Lee Boyd Malvo
Keywords Miller; LWOP; life without parole; attendant characteristics of youth; disproportionate sentences; Miller factorsBrief of Amicus Curiae National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers in Support of Petitioner
Keywords trial tax; youth; diminished culpability; decision-making; impaired capacity; peer pressure; Sixth Amendment (U.S.); plea bargainsBrief of Amici Curiae Dr. Beatriz Luna, Dr. Charles Alexander Nelson III, Dr. Silvia Bunge, Dr. Adriana Galvan, and Dr. Linda Patia Spear in Support of Neither Party
Keywords brain; brain development; adolescence; brain chemistry; brain structure; synaptic pruning; rewards system; reward processing; cognition; emotions; brain maturation; functional brain maturation; executive functioning; GrahamBrief in Support of the Resentencing of Petitioner Angel Alejandro on Behalf of Amici Curiae Robert M. Morgenthau, the Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth, Child Welfare League of America, and Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators et al.
Keywords LWOP; teen; adolescence; diminished culpability; impulsivity; Miller; mitigating qualities of youth; peer influenceBrief for the Center for Children, Law & Policy, University of Houston Law Center as Amicus Curiae
Keywords neurodevelopment; immaturity; vulnerability to outside pressure; peer pressure; neurobiological immaturity; court transfers; adolescent brain; waiver of juvenile jurisdiction; due process; special protectionsBrief of the National Association for Public Defense, the Children’s Law Center, Inc., and the Institute for Compassion in Justice as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner
Keywords Eighth Amendment; emerging adult; execution; Equal Protection Clause; death sentence; developmental status; disproportionate sentence; Fourteenth Amendment; young adultBrief of Juvenile Law Center in Support of Appellant
Keywords developmental differences; strip search; body cavity searches; minors; children; trauma; Fourth Amendment (U.S.); age; adolescent vulnerability; immaturity; expectation of privacy; FlorenceBrief of Amicus Curiae Juvenile Law Center on Behalf of Appellant Eric Long
Keywords Miller; individualized sentencing; minor; children; decreased culpability; LWOP; life without parole; meaningful opportunity for release; age; mitigating factor; uncommon juvenileBrief of the Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney
Keywords denial of parole; LWOP; life without parole; first-degree murder; Miller; parole eligibility ; trial judge; sentencing judge; Eighth AmendmentYouth Law Center Brief in Support of Petitioners
Keywords transfers; transfer to adult court; juveniles; public safety; harm; youth; youth of color; racial disparities