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Wittemen v. Florida

The court upheld a life sentence with parole eligibility after 25 years for a defendant convicted of murder at age 17, citing a recent Florida Supreme Court ruling.

juvenile offenderMiller v. AlabamaAtwell v. StateState v. Michellife sentenceparole eligibilityEighth Amendment
(2020)

G.T. v. Board of Education of Kanawha

The court found Kanawha County schools failed to provide effective behavior support for students with disabilities, violating federal law. This lack of support led to disciplinary actions and hindered learning for students like G.T.

Individualized Educational Plansspecial education lawclass-action lawsuiteducational rights of childrenleast restrictive environmentIndividuals with disabilitieskids with disabilities
(2020)

Commonwealth v. Bredhold

The Kentucky Supreme Court ruled that defendants not yet sentenced could not challenge the death penalty's constitutionality. The court vacated a lower court's finding that the death penalty for those under 21 was unconstitutional.

cruel and unusual punishmentEighth Amendment (U.S.)death penaltyKentucky Supreme Courtneurosciencejuvenile offenderyouth tried as adults
(2020)

35 faith leaders say blocking Safehouse's overdose-prevention site violates their religious freedom. Their faiths command them to preserve life and show compassion to those in need.

Defendants argue an overdose prevention site would save lives by providing a supervised, hygienic space for drug consumption with immediate medical care and referrals, without violating federal law.

(2020)

Brief of the Society of Cannabis Clinicians, the Association of Cannabis Specialists, the Drug Policy Alliance, and the Americans for Safe Access Foundation as Amici Curiae

This brief argues that a judicial district's policy prohibiting medical marijuana for probationers unlawfully overrides state law. It contends the policy endangers patients by denying physician-approved treatment and lacks scientific basis.

medical marijuanaprobation supervisionPennsylvania lawMedical Marijuana Act52nd Judicial Districtpatient rightsmedical treatmentpolicy conflictDepartment of Health
(2020)

Brief of Amicus Curiae National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers in Support of Petitioner

NACDL argues the "trial tax" penalizes defendants who exercise their right to a jury trial with harsher sentences. This practice undermines justice, truth-seeking, and disproportionately affects young people.

trial taxyouthdiminished culpabilitydecision-makingimpaired capacitypeer pressureSixth Amendment (U.S.)plea bargains
(2020)

Brief of the National Association for Public Defense, the Children’s Law Center, Inc., and the Institute for Compassion in Justice as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that 18-year-olds are a distinct group due to their development and legal status, warranting an exemption from execution. It claims a national consensus opposes this practice, which serves no penological purpose.

Eighth Amendmentemerging adultexecutionEqual Protection Clausedeath sentencedevelopmental statusdisproportionate sentenceFourteenth Amendmentyoung adult
(2020)

Brief of Erwin Chemerinsky, et al. as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that juveniles can only receive life without parole if a court finds them permanently incorrigible. It states the sentencing court failed to make this finding for the petitioner.

Eighth Amendment (U.S.)proportionate sentencesMillerLWOPlife without paroletransient immaturity
(2020)

Brief of Amici Curiae National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Mississippi Office of the State Public Defender, and Mississippi Public Defenders Association in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that sentencing a juvenile to life without parole requires a specific finding of permanent incorrigibility. Mississippi's current practices are challenged as they fail to reliably implement this rule.

permanent incorrigibilityincapable of rehabilitationMillerMontgomerytransient immaturityLWOPattendant characteristics of youthcapacity for change
(2020)

Brief of Amicus Curiae Juvenile Law Center in Support of Petitioner-Appellee Luis Noel Cruz and Affirmance

This brief argues mandatory life without parole for young adults is unconstitutional. It states young adults share the same developmental characteristics that reduce culpability for juveniles.

neurodevelopmental growthyoung adults18-year-oldsdevelopmental characteristicsmandatory sentencesLWOPmandatory life without paroleEighth Amendment (U.S.)
(2020)

Brief of Juvenile Law Center as Amici Curiae in Response to Report of the Special Master

This brief argues that proposed bail reforms fail to address youth vulnerabilities. It recommends a presumption of indigence for youth in adult bail proceedings, citing their limited financial capacity and unique harms from detention.

adolescent brain developmentbaildevelopmental immaturitycoerced guilty pleapretrial detentionsocial-emotional regulationdevelopmental differencesdeveloping braindecision-making capacity
(2020)

Brief of Amici Curiae, Current and Former State Prosecutors, State Attorneys General, DOJ Officials, U.S. Attorneys, and Former Corrections Directors—In Support of Plaintiffs

Missouri offers parole to youth sentenced to life after 25 years. This process must assess maturity and rehabilitation, which promotes public trust and safety while upholding due process.

JLWOPMillerMontgomeryjuvenile life without paroleDue Process protectionsfair sentencingindividualized assessmentscapacity for changematurity
(2020)

Brief of Amici Curiae Oregon Justice Resource Center and Oregon Criminal Defense Lawyers Association

The brief argues that lifetime imprisonment for juveniles, even with parole eligibility, is unconstitutional. It asserts that adolescent brain development means such sentences fail to serve the purposes of punishment.

brain developmentage 25prefrontal cortexcognitiondevelopmental differences between juveniles and adultsbrain imagingneuroimagingdecision- makingimmaturityemotional controlimpulse controljuvenile life imprisonmentEighth Amendment (U.S.)
(2020)

Proposed Amicus Brief of the Sentencing Project in Support of William N. Palmer

Amici argue that mandatory life sentences for juveniles convicted of kidnapping violate the Eighth Amendment and the California Constitution's ban on cruel or unusual punishment.

mandatory life with the possibility of parolelifetime imprisonment with the possibility of paroleEighth Amendment (U.S.)cruel and unusual punishmentindeterminate sentences17-year-oldkidnappingMillerGrahamLWOP
(2020)

Brief of Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner O.G.

The brief argues that S.B. 1391 aligns with the historical intent of Proposition 57 by reducing the number of youth tried in adult courts. It asserts the amendment furthers the initiative's purpose and voter intent.

adolescent development juvenile transfersbrain science
(2020)