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Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS): A team science effort to predict societal trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood

The Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS) program examines how young people contribute to society. It combines individual, social, and societal factors to understand why some adolescents navigate challenges more successfully.

Youth developmentSelf-regulationBrain imagingDelinquency pathwaysSocioeconomic statusSocietal trajectoriesAdolescentsYoung adults

Examining Associations Between Genetic and Neural Risk for Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

This article explores how inherited traits and brain activity relate to externalizing behaviors like ADHD and substance use. It finds genetic factors and a specific brain response (P3 amplitude) are both linked to these behaviors.

Externalizingneurophysiologypolygenic scoreP3 amplitude

Alexithymia as a mediator of the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence

Child maltreatment is linked to difficulties in managing emotions, known as alexithymia. This alexithymia may explain the connection between childhood abuse and later behavioral problems in adolescents.

child maltreatmentadolescencealexithymiainternalizing behaviorsexternalizing behaviorsmediationgender differencessexual abuseemotional abuseintimate partner violenceIPVexposure to IPV

Prospective associations of family conflict with alcohol expectancies in the adolescent brain cognitive development study: Effects of race and ethnicity

Alcohol use in adolescents is a major public health concern. Family conflict is linked to alcohol use and its anticipated outcomes, called expectancies. These expectancies operate differently across racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Alcohol expectanciesAdolescentsCognitive DevelopmentYouth substance useSociocultural factorsMixed-effects regressionBlackWhite

Capital sentencing and neuropsychiatry

The U.S. Supreme Court has deemed the death penalty unconstitutional for intellectually disabled and juvenile offenders. It also halted executions in 1972, finding Georgia's law allowed arbitrary sentencing.

aggravationcapital punishmentcriminal sentencingdeath penaltyethicsforensic neuropsychiatry intellectual disabilityjuvenile offenders risk assessmentpsychopathymitigation

Bio-behavioral scientific evidence alters judges' sentencing decision-making: A quantitative analysis

Research shows mental health evidence, particularly innate conditions, increasingly influences criminal sentencing. However, its impact varies, with inconsistencies across cases and differing views on mitigating versus aggravating factors.

SentencingDecision-makingPunishmentRetributionBehaviorMental disorders

Mandatory Sentences as Strict Liability

This article argues that mandatory sentences should be viewed as a type of strict liability, similar to crimes not requiring criminal intent. It proposes applying the same limits on strict liability crimes to mandatory sentences.

Mandatory SentencesSentencing DisparityStrict Liability CrimesMens ReaCriminal Intent

Neuroscience and the insanity defense: Trying to put a round peg in a square hole.

Public perception of the insanity defense is largely negative, viewing it as a loophole despite its infrequent use. Forensic evaluations for insanity also face challenges with consistency and objectivity among different evaluators.

Insanity defenseNeuroimagingLegal responsibilityLegal capacityMental state

Neuroscience and the Model Penal Code's Mens Rea Categories

A study using brain imaging to investigate legal mental states was poorly designed and did not accurately measure brain activity for "knowledge" or "recklessness." Brain science may not be the right way to validate these legal concepts.

NeurolawNeuroscienceCriminal LawModel Penal CodeBrain ImagingBehavioral SciencePsychology

Age-related changes in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation are associated with daily prosocial behaviors two years later

This study explored how adolescents’ brains change while engaging in community-based prosocial behaviors. Researchers found that early to mid-adolescence is a key period for developing these behaviors, impacting daily helpfulness later on.

Prosocial behaviorsadolescent developmentfMRIneurodevelopmentventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC)precuneuslongitudinal study

How beliefs around peers’ risk preferences get incorporated into adolescents’ decision making

This study examined how adolescents' beliefs about their friends' preferences influence their risky decisions. It found that the accuracy of these beliefs and whether individuals prioritize themselves or their friend's wishes vary with age.

Risky decision makingpeer influenceadolescencepeer preferencesprosocial behaviorage-related changes

Development of the triadic neural systems involved in risky decision-making during childhood

Risky decision-making increases from childhood, peaks in adolescence, and declines into adulthood. While neural underpinnings are known for adolescents and adults, how these systems work in children remains largely unknown.

Risky decision-makingchildhoodadolescenceTriadic Neural Systems ModelfMRIprefrontal cortexstriatumfunctional connectivitystriatumfunctional connectivityneurocognitive development

Using risk of crime detection to study change in mechanisms of decision making

Research indicates that the perceived risk of getting caught for a crime impacts whether someone commits that crime. However, there is less evidence that the perceived risk directly correlates with the actual objective risk of detection.

Perception of risk DeterrenceRational choiceDevelopmental Stability

Friendship changes differentially predict neural correlates of decision-making for friends across adolescence

Adolescence involves increased risk-taking for peers amid a changing social world. Friendship changes may impact adaptive risk-taking for friends and brain activity related to reward processing.

AdolescenceAmygdalaFriendshipsRisk takingFMRI

Racial discrimination and risk for internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Black youths

Racial discrimination impacts Black youth's mental health, increasing internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A youth's amygdala response to threats can moderate this association.

Racial DiscriminationAmygdalaBlack YouthInternalizing SymptomsExternalizing Symptoms