Resource Library

Topics

Filters

Select a Year Range
Clear Filters

Resource Library

New to the Resource Library?

Learn how to navigate, search, and use our resources effectively.

How to use the Library

A Cross-Clinic Collaboration: How an Amicus Brief Helped Create Judicial Recognition of Adultification Bias in Juvenile Sentencing

The Washington State Court of Appeals ruled that sentencing courts must consider adultification bias when sentencing youth of color, a first in American law.

adultification biasracecivil rightssentencing disparitieslegal standards
(2024)

A Path Toward Race-Conscious Standards for Youth: Translating Adultification Bias Theory into Doctrinal Interventions in Criminal Court

Washington courts are challenging racial bias in the criminal legal system. They are addressing adultification bias, which causes harsher treatment for youth of color, impacting sentencing and transfers to adult court.

adultification biasdisproportionate sentencingracismracial biasdoctrinal intervention
(2024)

"Children Are Different" and Their Lawyers Should Be Too

The juvenile justice system often fails to provide adequate legal representation for children, particularly those with trauma histories. This can lead to inappropriate placements and a lack of support, hindering their rehabilitation.

In re Gaultright to counselineffective counselreforms to right to counsel
(2024)

The Slow Drip of Decarceration: Reversing the Flood of Mass Incarceration and Its Racist Impact

African Americans are incarcerated at nearly five times the rate of white Americans, reflecting deep-seated racial disparities. The U.S. prison population grew exponentially from the 1970s, disproportionately impacting people of color.

racial disparitiesmass incarcerationdecarcerationrehabilitationclemencyreleasepost-conviction relief
(2024)

Amending New Jersey’s Expungement Law to Reflect the Historical Treatment of Juveniles: Juveniles Deserve a Second Chance

New Jersey law denies record expungement for juvenile crimes. Limiting record sealing prevents rehabilitated youth from moving past their past.

juvenile recordrehabilitationcollateral consequencesdiscretionary juvenile record expunction
(2024)

Adolescents Engage in More Risky Decision Making

Research indicates adolescents engage in more risky behaviors than adults. This is due to ongoing brain development affecting judgment and impulse control, which continues into young adulthood.

neuroscienceadolescenceneurobiological maturityself-controlsocial influence
(2024)

Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8‑years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing

Research on cannabis's effects on brain reward systems shows inconsistent results. More longitudinal studies are needed to determine if observed differences are due to cannabis use or pre-existing factors.

cannabisadolescencereward processingcognitive functioningpsychopathologybrain activityconduct problemshyperactivity/inattentionlongitudinal study IMAGEN study
(2024)

The Case for Second Chances: A Pathway to Decarceration in Maine

Maine incarcerates more people per capita than most countries, often for too long and at too great an expense. This review argues for significant changes, including reinstating parole, to reduce the prison population and recidivism.

mass incarcerationdecarcerationparoleclemencyMaine Criminal Code
(2024)

Juvenile Life Without Parole in Pennsylvania: Age, Cognitive Immaturity, and Culpability

Judges in Pennsylvania have sentenced some juveniles to life without parole by focusing on age and perceived adult-level culpability.

juvenile life without paroleJLWOPcognitive immaturitylegal culpability
(2024)

The Miller Trilogy, Jones, and the Future of Juvenile Sentencing and Constitutional Interpretation in the Post-Jones America

Many young people facing mental health challenges make reckless decisions. The lack of support structures, coupled with current sentencing practices, can severely harm juveniles in the criminal justice system.

juvenile sentencingextreme punishmentMillerJones v. Mississippisentencing reformUnited States
(2024)

Hippocampal Trauma Memory Processing Conveying Susceptibility to Traumatic Stress

This study found that PTSD-like symptoms in mice are linked to changes in the hippocampal memory engram, the physical storage of memories. Researchers explored the roles of specific brain cells and epigenetic factors in these alterations.

stressfear memoryresiliencehippocampus
(2024)

Acute War Stress in Ukrainian Refugees: Neurobiological and Psychological Impact

A study of Ukrainian refugee women found war-related stress impacts brain structure and connectivity, along with mental health. Researchers observed these changes in individuals who experienced acute war exposure.

Ukrainian refugeeswar stressPTSDdepressionanxietyneurobiology
(2024)

Investigating the neurobiology of maternal Opioid Use Disorder and prenatal opioid exposure using brain organoid technology

Opioids remain a major global health concern, particularly for pregnant women. Rising opioid use disorder and related treatments in mothers highlight the urgent need to understand opioids' impact on the developing brain.

brain organoidsbrain spheroidsinduced pluripotent stem cellsopioid use disorderopioidsprenatal opioid exposure
(2024)

Cross-Contextual Examination of Older Adults’ Privacy Concerns, Behaviors, and Vulnerabilities

Older adults are most concerned about cybercrime and often use active strategies to protect their privacy. Their vulnerability to privacy threats varies greatly and is not solely tied to age.

privacyolder adultsprivacy concernprivacy behaviorprivacy vulnerability
(2024)

Past, Prologue, and Constitutional Limits on Criminal Penalties

State constitutions can offer stronger protections than federal law. Illinois adopted a "proportionate-penalties clause" in its constitution, emphasizing rehabilitation in sentencing and requiring courts and lawmakers to consider it.

Criminal punishment reformRehabilitation-focused sentencingProportionate-penalties clauseConstitutional lawSentencing proportionalityRestorative justiceMass incarceration
(2024)