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State v. J.R.

The Court ruled that a juvenile's curfew violation provided probable cause for arrest, justifying the search that uncovered controlled substances. Evidence found during the search was admissible.

search incident to arrestjuvenile offenderjuvenile courtjuvenile delinquency adjudication
(2018)

Morrow v. Ford

The court denied Morrow's appeal, finding his attorneys were not ineffective for their handling of mitigating evidence or for not hiring an independent crime scene expert.

mitigating factorsdeath penaltychild sexual abuseSupreme Court of Georgiacapital punishmentjuvenile life without paroleLWOP
(2018)

Justin Burrell v. State of Delaware

The Delaware Supreme Court reviewed jury instructions for Justin Burrell's murder conviction. It aimed to determine if self-defense laws were fairly presented for the then-17-year-old.

juvenile murderself-defenseDelaware Supreme Courtjury instructionsLWOPjuvenile life without parole
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae of 11 Addiction Experts in Support of Appellee

This brief argues against the brain disease model of addiction. It asserts that addiction is a set of behaviors responsive to consequences, not an involuntary condition like other brain diseases.

brain disease modeladdictionneurobiological correlatesbehavioral manifestationscontingencieschoicecriminal justicetreatment approachesscientific premisescriminal responsibility
(2018)

Amicus Curiae Brief of the American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, Inc., The Center for Public Representation, and Prisoners' Legal Services in Support of the Petitioner

This brief argues that courts should not jail individuals with substance use disorder for relapsing on probation. It asserts that requiring an addicted person to remain drug-free is unjust and violates precedent.

Substance use disorderprobationrelapsedrug-free conditionincarcerationjudiciarylegal precedentrevocation of probationWar on Drugsaddiction treatment
(2018)

Brief for the Massachusetts Medical Society as Amicus Curiae, joined by AAAP, Association for Behavioral Healthcare, Grayken Center at BMC, MOAR, Mass. Society for Addiction Medicine, Northeastern Law’s Health Policy Center, and 28 others.

The brief argues that addiction is a chronic brain disease. Punishing relapse ignores medical consensus and hinders effective treatment, ultimately harming public health.

SUDAddictionRelapseBrain Disease Model of AddictionChronic Neurological DisorderSUD TreatmentPunitive ApproachIncarceration DSM-5Public Health
(2018)

Brief Amicus Curiae of Professors of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, and Constitutional Law in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that courts must carefully consider a suspect's age, intelligence, and police tactics when deciding if a confession was voluntary. It claims lower courts ignored these factors, leading to a coerced confession.

special carevoluntariness analysisvulnerable personspsychological coercionintellectual impairmentjuvenile confessionssuggestibilityconfession reliability
(2018)

Brief of Current and Former Prosecutors as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that courts must carefully evaluate juvenile confessions, especially when a child has intellectual disabilities, because standard interrogation techniques can lead innocent children to falsely confess.

mental statespolice interrogation techniquesjuvenile confessionsjuvenile false confessionssuggestibilityageminorReid Techniqueself-gratificationperception of timeadolescentsmental disability
(2018)

Brief of The Innocence Network as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that police interrogation tactics can lead innocent people, especially juveniles, to falsely confess. It urges the Court to review cases where involuntary juvenile confessions led to wrongful convictions.

false confessions juvenile confessionsmental disabilitypolice interrogationminorspolice coercionspecial cautionspecial care
(2018)

Brief of National Association for Public Defense and Kentucky Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellee

The brief argues the Eighth Amendment should ban capital punishment for 18-20 year olds. It contends that "evolving standards of decency" and developmental research show this age group is less culpable, similar to past exemptions.

youth aged 18-20death penaltycapital punishmentcruel and unusual punishment
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, et al. in Support of the Petition for Rehearing En Banc

This brief argues that sentencing juveniles to life without parole is unconstitutional unless they are deemed "irreparably corrupt." It states the prosecution must prove this to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.

Millerjuvenile sentencingSixth Amendment (U.S.)irreparable corruptionincapable of rehabilitationcategorical protectionmitigating factor
(2018)

Brief of Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality as Amicus Curiae in Support of Raymond Williams

This brief argues that sentencing someone to life without parole for crimes committed as a juvenile is unconstitutional. It states that three-strikes laws should not count juvenile offenses.

GrahamMillerjuvenilemitigating qualities of youthJLWOPculpabilityjudicial discretionEighth Amendment (U.S.)mandatory sentencingjuvenile life without parole
(2018)

Brief of Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues Washington courts must ensure juveniles sentenced as adults have a meaningful opportunity for release. It contends the state constitution bars life-equivalent sentences for juveniles.

meaningful opportunity for releasejuvenile offendersEighth Amendment (U.S.)Millerjuvenile sentencingcruel and unusual punishmentLWOPlife without parolede facto life without paroleresentencinghomicide
(2018)

Brief of Amicus Curiae NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. in Support of Petitioner

The brief argues a judge must find permanent incorrigibility before sentencing a child to life without parole. It claims the Mississippi Supreme Court failed to follow precedent, leading to arbitrary and racially biased sentencing risks.

post-Miller resentencing hearingMillermurderlife without paroleLWOP17-year-oldraceEighth Amendment (U.S.)Montgomerypermanent incorrigibilitybeyond rehabilitationracially discriminatory sentence
(2018)

Brief and Argument of Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioner-Appellee

The brief argues that lengthy sentences without a chance for release are unconstitutional for minors. It claims Illinois should follow other states and overturn a 50-year sentence given to a 16-year-old.

sentencing enhancementsEighth Amendment (U.S.)MillerMontgomeryJLWOPjuvenile life without parole
(2018)