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Brief of Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues that courts must carefully consider a juvenile's age and development during police questioning. It asserts that prior rulings require special care for young people to ensure confessions are voluntary.

involuntary confessionsagechild developmentcoerced confessionsvulnerability to confessionspolice interrogationsjuvenile confessionsdecision-makingcharacteristics of adolescent developmenttendency to comply with authoritylong-term planningimmature judgmentfalse confessionsbrain developmentbrain systemsexecutive functioning
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae Juvenile Law Center and Forty Other Organizations in Support of Petitioners

The brief argues that the Eighth Amendment's protection against excessive fines should apply to states. This would protect both adults and children in the justice system from disproportionate monetary penalties.

juvenile justice finesEighth Amendment (U.S.)excessive finesracial disparityeconomic disparityincreased recidivismincreased likelihood of reoffendingyouth vulnerability
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae Judges, Current and Former Prosecutors, Law Enforcement Officers, Juvenile Justice Officials, Correctional Officers, and Probation Officers in Support of Petitioner

The brief argues that juvenile offenders' sentences must account for their capacity for reform, as required by the Eighth Amendment. It contends that a very long sentence for a non-homicide juvenile offense violates prior rulings.

Eighth Amendment (U.S.)brain developmentnon-homicideGrahamaggregate sentenceterm of yearsmeaningful opportunity to obtain releaseimmaturity
(2018)

Associations between substance use and type of crime in prisoners with substance use problems - a focus on violence and fatal violence

Substance use disorders are common among incarcerated individuals and strongly predict violent crime. Specific substance use patterns differ among prisoners depending on the type of crime committed.

prisoncriminal justiceviolencesubstance use disorderalcoholsedativesaddictionAddiction Severity Index
(2018)

Brief of Juvenile Law Center; Center for Law, Brain and Behavior; and Center on Wrongful Convictions of Youth as Amici Curiae in Support of Defendant/Appellant

The brief argues that mandatory harsh sentences for juveniles, particularly for felony murder, are unconstitutional. It states that age and individual mitigating factors must be considered during sentencing due to developmental differences.

felony murdermandatory sentencesMillerMontgomeryagemitigating circumstancesattendant characteristics of youthEighth Amendment (U.S.)individual considerationsmitigating qualities of youthneuroimagingbrain imagingfuture orientationdecision-makingadolescent development
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae: Juvenile Sentencing Project and Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth

The brief argues that the Iowa Board of Parole must offer juvenile lifers a meaningful release opportunity based on their maturity and rehabilitation. The Board's procedures must ensure it has full information for these decisions.

meaningful opportunityparole review proceduresmitigating circumstances of youthrehabilitationpost-crime maturityMiller factorsyouthparole
(2018)

Brief of Amicus Curiae Juvenile Sentencing Project in Support of Appellant Corey Grant

This brief argues that current law requires children sentenced for crimes to have a meaningful chance for release. It claims Mr. Grant's 65-year sentence denies this opportunity, violating constitutional limits on juvenile sentencing.

meaningful opportunityjuvenile LWOPincorrigibleincapable of rehabilitationEighth Amendment (U.S.)Millerjuvenile offenderbeyond rehabilitationnon homicide offenseschildren
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae Juvenile Law Center, Juvenile Sentencing Project, and American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan

This brief argues that Michigan's parole system denies juvenile offenders a meaningful opportunity for release, violating their constitutional rights. It claims the system fails to consider a youth's potential for rehabilitation.

meaningful opportunity to obtain releaseEighth Amendment (U.S.)characteristics of youthchildhood offensespost-crime maturity and rehabilitationreduced blameworthiness diminished culpabilitydecision-makingrisky behavior
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae Juvenile Law Center et al. in Support of Petitioner-appellant Cyntoia Brown and Reversal

The brief argues a life sentence for a 16-year-old, even with potential geriatric parole, is disproportionate. It contends this effectively denies a meaningful chance for release and violates the Eighth Amendment.

adolescent developmentmandatory LWOPmandatory life without parolepenological purposecapacity for changebrain maturationfuture planningprefrontal corteximpact of stress on brain developmentFetal Alcohol Syndrome DisorderFASDjuvenile stressretributiondeterrenceincorrigibilityirreparably corruptEighth Amendment (U.S)incapacitation
(2018)

Brief of Juvenile Law Center, Defender Association of Philadelphia, Atlantic Center for Capital Representation, and Youth Sentencing and Reentry Project as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellant Avis Lee

This brief argues that mandatory life without parole sentences are unconstitutional for young adults.

brainyoung adultLWOPdisproportionate sentenceEighth Amendment
(2018)

Amici Curiae Brief of Juvenile Law Center, ACLU of Washington, Campaign for Fair Sentencing of Youth, Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators, and Mothers Against Murderers Association in Support of Respondent, Brian Bassett

This brief argues Brian Bassett’s life sentences for crimes committed as a juvenile are unconstitutional. It claims the re-imposed sentence ignored evidence of rehabilitation.

adolescent developmentLWOPneuroscienceretributiondeterrenceincapacitationjustification for punishmentdecision-makingyouth reasoning skillsstress
(2018)

Brief of Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, Columbia Legal Services, Teamchild, and Washington Defender Association as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent

This brief argues that Washington's constitution protects against cruel punishment more strongly than the Eighth Amendment. It contends that life without parole for juveniles is unconstitutional and supports a ban on such sentences.

Fain analysisProportionality analysisJLWOPjuvenile life without paroleGunwall analysisjuvenile sentencingcategorial analysisEighth Amendmentcruel and unusual punishment
(2018)

Brief of Amici Curiae Juvenile Law Center, Center on Wrongful Convictions of Youth, and Center for Law, Brain and Behavior in Support of Petitioner

This brief argues a 21-year-to-life sentence for a juvenile convicted of felony murder is unconstitutional.

brainprefrontal cortexneuroscience researchtransferred intentimputed intentfelony murderimpulse controladolescent decision-makingrisk-takingvulnerability to peer influenceattributes of youthunderdeveloped brain
(2018)

Brief of Juvenile Law Center et al. in Support of Petitioner

The brief argues that sentencing a 17-year-old to life without parole by plea agreement, under threat of death, is unconstitutional. It asserts that this practice disproportionately impacts youth and violates evolving legal standards.

juvenile life without paroleLWOPcoercive guilty pleaforced guilty pleaplea bargaindeath penaltyplea negotiationscoercive plea negotiationsRoperadolescent vulnerabilitydecision-makingadolescent's diminished legal competencelegal comprehensionmental impairmentsbrainneurological vulnerability
(2018)

Brief and Argument of Amicus Curiae in Support of Defendant-Appellee

The brief argues young adults under 21 are less culpable than older adults due to developmental differences. It asserts they deserve the same sentencing protections as those under 18.

hallmark attributes of youthyouthful offendersage-appropriatefair sentencingyouthful characteristicsyoung adultsinternational lawscapacity for rehabilitation
(2018)