Resource Library
Brief of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., the American Civil Liberties Union, et. al., as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent
Keywords death penalty; youth of color; mitigation of youth; mitigating factor; death; execution(2004)
Brief of the European Union and Members of the International Community in Support of Respondent
Keywords international law; death penalty; under 18; minors; juveniles(2004)
Brief of New York, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, and West Virginia as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent
Keywords execution; death penalty; age 17; capital sentencing; cruel and unusual punishment; Eighth Amendment (U.S.)(2004)
Brief of the States of Alabama, Delaware, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Virginia in Support of Petitioner
Keywords 16- and 17-year-olds; execution; Eighth Amendment (U.S.); death penalty; Fourteenth Amendment (U.S.); cruel and unusual punishment; moral culpability; homicide; capital punishment; murder(2004)
Brief for the American Psychological Association, and the Missouri Psychological Association as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondent
Keywords Eighth Amendment (U.S.); Fourteenth Amendment (U.S.); capital murder; brain research; neuropsychological research; risk-taking; adolescent brain; decision-making; death penalty; execution; 17-year-old; under 18; developmental immaturity; mitigation; mitigating effect of adolescence; unconscious racism; African American adolescents; culpability; blameworthiness; adolescent personality(2004)
Brief of Juvenile Law Center, et al. in Support of Respondent
Keywords adolescents; brain; culpability; blameworthiness; Eighth Amendment (U.S.); juvenile death penalty; execution; minors; Stanford; youth; youthful offender; Atkins; confession; proportionality analysis; murder(2004)
Brief of the American Medical Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry et al., as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent
Keywords cognitive deficiencies; adolescent brain; capital punishment; death penalty; execution; risky behavior; impulsivity; adolescent vulnerability; brain activity(2004)
Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing
Keywords Decision-making; behavior; race; sex; justice(2004)
Competence, Culpability, and Punishment: Implications of Atkins for Executing and Sentencing Adolescents
Keywords Supreme Court; blameworthiness; capital punishment; proportionality; death penalty; developmental impairments; older adolescents; Atkins v. Virginia; judgment; impulse control; psychological characteristics; developmental characteristics; reduced culpability; mitigating factors(2003)
State v. Standard
Keywords juvenile offender; LWOP; juvenile life without parole; burglary(2002)
Brief of Center on Children & the Law; Center on Juvenile & Criminal Justice; Children & Family Justice Center; and Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana et al. as Amici Curiae in Support of Lionel Tate, Appellant
Keywords infancy defense; children; capacy to commit a crime; transfers to criminal court; due process; Fourteenth Amendment (U.S.); equal protection; life without the possibility of parole; LWOP; competence; Eighth Amendment (U.S.)(2002)
Criminal decision making: The development of adolescent judgment, criminal responsibility, and culpability
Keywords psychosocial factors; temporal perspective; peer influence; risk perception; adolescent criminal decision-making(2001)
State v. Peralto
Keywords LWOP; juvenile life without parole; mental disabilities; Eighth Amendment (U.S.); cruel and unusual punishment; consecutive life sentences(2001)
Youth Law Center Brief in Support of Petitioners
Keywords transfers; transfer to adult court; juveniles; public safety; harm; youth; youth of color; racial disparities(2001)
Non-Party Brief of Juvenile Law Center and National Center for Youth Law in Support of Douglas D.
Keywords safety; school violence; juvenile court; adolescents(2000)