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Neurodevelopmental origins of substance use disorders: Evidence from animal models of early-life adversity and addiction
Early life adversity is strongly linked to a higher risk of developing substance use disorder. It impacts brain development, making individuals, especially women, more vulnerable to addiction later in life.
The neurobiology of drug addiction: Cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex
Drug addiction is a chronic disease that causes widespread brain changes. This article reviews how drug abuse affects the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in emotion and decision-making.
Association of drug cues and craving with drug use and relapse: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A review of 237 studies found a significant link between drug cues, craving, and future drug use or relapse. These findings suggest that drug cues and craving are key factors in understanding drug use.
Prevalence of Mental Health Needs, Substance Use, and Co-occurring Disorders Among People Admitted to Prison
The number of people admitted to prison with both mental health needs and substance use disorders rose between 2009 and 2017. Methamphetamine and heroin use disorders increased, while cocaine use disorder decreased.
Gender differences among persons entering medication treatment for opioid use disorder in the community
Women beginning medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) were younger, more often White non-Hispanic and LGBTQ+, and had less incarceration than men.
Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents
Emotional dysregulation, or difficulty managing emotions, is a major health risk for children and adolescents. It is linked to various psychiatric disorders, self-harm, and suicidality, and can result from adverse childhood experiences.
Giving to Others and Neural Processing During Adolescence
Adolescents' prosocial behavior becomes more complex with age, depending on who they are helping. Neural regions linked to decision-making, social understanding, and reward processing also show differences based on age and recipient.
Healthy Adolescent Development and the Juvenile Justice System: Challenges and Solutions
Adolescent brain development is linked to increased risk-taking, which can include illegal behavior. The juvenile justice system often falls short in supporting healthy adolescent development.
Impulsive and Risky Decision-Making in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The Need for a Developmental Perspective
Adolescents with ADHD show increased impulsive decision-making compared to peers without ADHD. This is driven by a preference for immediate rewards, possibly due to negative feelings associated with waiting.
Juvenile Life Without Parole: Exposing the Parallels Between Juvenile Offenders and Those Who Sentence Them
The US Supreme Court ruled that mandatory life without parole for juveniles is unconstitutional, but a finding of permanent incorrigibility is not required. The US remains the only country to allow juvenile life without parole.
Factors associated with retention on medications for opioid use disorder among a cohort of adults seeking treatment in the community
People with opioid use disorder who initiated methadone or buprenorphine treatment in the community experienced better retention when they had stable housing and were not using cocaine. Individuals referred from jail had lower retention.
Racial disparities in linkage to care among patients with substance use disorders
Peer support specialists may help link people with substance use disorders to treatment. However, Black patients were less likely to engage in treatment through these specialists in the emergency department.
Current status of vaccines for substance use disorders: A brief review of human studies
Vaccines for substance use disorders face significant hurdles for human use. While some drug vaccines show promise in animal studies, none have successfully promoted abstinence or reduced drug use in humans.
Longitudinal Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Symptom Severity at Age 18 Years and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood
Adolescent substance use disorder symptoms are linked to prescription drug use and misuse in adulthood. Those with more severe symptoms as teens face a higher risk of substance use issues later in life.
Neural Underpinnings of Social Stress in Substance Use Disorders
Individuals with substance use disorders often use drugs to cope with emotional pain, particularly from chronic social stress. This stress can affect brain responses to drugs and worsen illness risk.