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Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Alcohol Use Disorder

This article highlights that sex differences influence alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. Researchers are increasingly including females in studies to understand how sex impacts the transition from alcohol use to misuse.

adolescencealcoholalcohol use disorderanimal modelsbrainsex differencesstressprefrontal cortexbinge drinkingalcohol withdrawal
(2020)

Insights into the neurobiology of craving in Opioid Use Disorder

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is driven by brain changes that enhance drug-related craving. This craving, a complex interplay of reward, stress, and learning, fuels drug-seeking and relapse.

Drug cravingIncentive sensitizationNegative affectNegative reinforcementOpioid Use DisorderStress
(2020)

Amended Brief of AIDS United, et al, as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees Safehouse & Jose Benitez and Seeking Affirmance of Order Granting Final Declaratory Judgment

A coalition of health organizations supports Safehouse's plan for a supervised consumption site. They argue it saves lives, reduces disease, and connects people to treatment without increasing crime, aligning with federal law.

Safehousesupervised consumption sitesoverdose crisisharm reductionfentanylevidence-based intervention
(2020)

Brief of Faith Leaders in Philadelphia and Beyond as Amici Curiae in Support of Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff Safehouse

This brief argues that blocking Safehouse's overdose prevention site burdens the religious freedom of its board members. Their faith traditions command saving lives and providing care, which Safehouse aims to do.

SafehouseReligious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA)overdose-prevention site Controlled Substances Act (CSA)religious freedomharm reduction
(2020)

Methamphetamine Use Disorder: The Next Addiction Crisis

Methamphetamine use and overdose deaths have significantly increased, posing a major public health challenge. The drug's complex neurobiology extends beyond traditional views, affecting multiple biological pathways in the brain.

Methamphetamine use disorderneurobiologytreatmentcognitive impairmentcardiovascular diseasepharmacological interventions
(2020)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: Genetic overlap and causality

The study found a shared genetic basis between ADHD and lifetime cannabis use. This shared genetic background may partially explain why individuals with ADHD have a higher risk of cannabis use.

ADHDcannabis usegenetic correlationsubstance use disorderheritability
(2020)

One is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use

Drug addiction is a widespread and costly public health crisis. Polysubstance use is common and leads to worse treatment outcomes, including higher relapse rates and mortality.

substance useaddictionreward circuitrypreclinical modelsneuronal signaling and behaviorreviewneuorbiology of addictionpolydrug
(2020)

Common and separable neural alterations in substance use disorders: A coordinate-based meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies in humans

The article suggests that while addiction shares common brain pathways, different substances may also cause specific brain changes. Understanding these unique alterations could lead to better-targeted addiction treatments.

alcoholcannabiscocainecognitionstriatumfMRInicotinerewardsubstance use disorder
(2020)

Adolescent Brain Development and Progressive Legal Responsibility in the Latin American Context

Neuroscience research highlights the complexity of defining adolescence due to non-uniform brain development. This understanding influences legal systems, particularly in decisions about adolescent criminal responsibility.

Teenage BrainAdolescent lawCriminalAdolescenceBehaviorNeuroscienceNeurolawJuvenile criminal behaviorjuvenile criminal lawadolescent brainlegal responsibility
(2020)

Adolescent Psychopathology: the Role of Brain-based Diatheses, Sensitivities, and Susceptibilities

Some adolescents experience problems while others thrive due to a complex interplay of biology and environment. Brain structure and function influence an individual's vulnerability or susceptibility to their surroundings.

AdolescenceStressBrain developmentImpulsivityRewardsPeer influenceChronic health conditionshealth condition
(2020)

Differential Correlates of Positive and Negative Risk Taking in Adolescence

This study examines the psychological factors linked to positive and negative risk-taking in adolescents. It explores how positive risks benefit well-being and whether both risk types share common influences.

Risk takingRewardsOutcomesTeenagersadolescencepositive risk takingschool engagementdual systems
(2020)

Early Childhood Trauma Impact on Adolescent Brain Development, Decision Making Abilities, and Delinquent Behaviors: Policy Implications for Juveniles Tried in Adult Court Systems

Early childhood trauma, including abuse and neglect, significantly impairs adolescent brain development and decision-making. This trauma increases the likelihood of delinquent behavior and mental health issues among youth.

adverse childhood experiencesadolescent brain developmentjuvenile delinquencypolicyjuveniles tried in adult courtstrauma
(2020)

Threat Or Thrill? the Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Anxiety and Risk Taking in Adolescence

This article explores why adolescence, a time of both increased anxiety and increased risk-taking, often presents contrasting behaviors. It reviews how approach and avoidance systems influence typical adolescent development.

AdolescenceAnxietyRisk takingfMRIThreatRewardBrain development
(2020)

Nelson v. Davis

The court rejected an ineffective counsel claim regarding evidence of childhood trauma but allowed a claim about failure to investigate other potential participants in a murder.

ineffective counselchildhood traumaPTSDpsychopathyviolencemurderfailure to investigate
(2020)

Andrus v. Texas

The Supreme Court ruled a lawyer failed to investigate and present evidence of a client's childhood trauma and mental illness. It sent the case back to Texas for further review.

mitigating evidencechildhood neglectfamily violencemental illnesstraumayouth incarceration
(2020)