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People v. Lorentzen

The Michigan Supreme Court found a 20-year mandatory minimum sentence for marijuana sale to be cruel and unusual, ruling it disproportionate and ineffective for nonviolent offender rehabilitation.

mandatory minimum sentencemarijuana salecruel and unusual punishmentdisproportionality nonviolent offenderrehabilitationshorter sentencesdrug sentencing
(1972)

People v Sinclair

The Michigan Supreme Court overturned a marijuana conviction, ruling that classifying cannabis as a narcotic violated equal protection, as scientific evidence showed it less harmful than opiates.

marijuana convictioncannabisnarcoticequal protectionscientific evidenceless harmfulless addictiveopiatesmarijuana
(1972)

Papachristou v. Jacksonville

The Supreme Court struck down a vague vagrancy law that allowed arbitrary arrests of marginalized people, including addicts. The ruling found the law lacked due process.

vagrancy lawdue processarbitrary arrestsmarginalized peopleaddictspushersunconstitutional
(1972)

People v. McCabe

The Illinois Supreme Court ruled that classifying marijuana with hard narcotics and mandating a 10-year sentence for its sale violated equal protection due to a lack of rational basis.

Marijuanarational basisdrug classificationmandatory sentencehard narcoticsdrug classification
(1971)

Smith v. Follette

The 2nd Circuit Court upheld a law allowing judges to sentence people with drug addiction who committed felonies to prison instead of treatment. The ruling stated this did not violate due process or equal protection.

sentencing lawdrug addictionprisontreatmentdue processequal protectionfeloniesjudicial sentencing
(1971)

Holt v. Sarver

Arkansas prisons violated the Eighth Amendment with inadequate medical care and rehabilitation. The court found cruel and unusual punishment based on the overall conditions.

Eighth Amendmentprisonsmedical carerehabcruel and unusual punishmenttotality test
(1971)

Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents

This case established individuals can sue federal agents for Fourth Amendment violations, like warrantless drug raids. It paved the way for accountability in narcotics enforcement.

warrantless drug raidsfederal agentsnarcotics enforcementdrug raidspolice misconductcivil rights
(1971)

Leary v. United States

The Supreme Court ruled the Marihuana Tax Act violated Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination and due process. The law unconstitutionally assumed illegal importation without proof.

Fifth Amendmentdue processself-incriminationmarijuanaillegal importationconstitutional rights
(1969)

People v. Moore

The court reversed a drug possession conviction. A warrantless search violated the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights, making the evidence inadmissible.

(1968)

Powell v. Texas

The Supreme Court upheld a Texas law against public intoxication, ruling it targeted conduct, not a status, and therefore did not violate the Eighth Amendment.

public intoxicationEighth AmendmentconductstatusRobinson v. California
(1968)

United States v. Moore

The D.C. Circuit upheld a heroin possession conviction, rejecting an addiction defense due to scientific uncertainty and congressional deference. The court remanded for possible treatment through a diversion program.

heroin possessiondiversion programaddictiondrug convictiondeferencescientific uncertainty
(1968)

Bailey v. United States

The Court upheld a warrantless search based on probable cause for heroin offenses. It also rejected an addiction defense as a bar to criminal liability.

federal casewarrantless searchprobable causeheroin offensesjury instructionaddictioncriminal liabilityconvicted menFourth Amendmentdue process
(1967)

Driver v. Hinnant

The court ruled that jailing a chronic alcoholic for public intoxication was unconstitutional. Alcoholism was recognized as a disease, making such conduct involuntary and not punishable.

public intoxicationchronic alcoholisminvoluntary conductinvoluntary act
(1966)

Easter v. District of Columbia

The court ruled that chronic alcoholism is a defense to public intoxication, finding it unconstitutional to criminalize the condition. This decision protects individuals with alcoholism from cruel punishment.

public intoxicationdue processcruel punishmentcriminalizing illnessalcoholism defensechronic alcoholismalcoholism defensecriminalizing illness
(1966)

People v. Victor

The court upheld a narcotics conviction, finding the defendant's prior drug-seeking behavior disproved the entrapment defense.

narcotics convictionentrapmentdrug convictiondrug-seeking behaviorprior drug use
(1965)
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