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Behavioral and Neural Pathways Supporting the Development of Prosocial and Risk-taking Behavior Across Adolescence
Adolescence involves a paradox of increased risk-taking and heightened social competence. This research explores if reward sensitivity and social-cognitive abilities drive both risk-taking and prosocial behaviors during this period.
Early Life Stress and Development: Potential Mechanisms for Adverse Outcomes
Early life stress, including various adverse experiences, significantly impacts children’s brain development. These experiences can lead to long-term negative consequences on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for cognitive screening in old age psychiatry- Determining cutoff scores in clinical practice. Avoiding spectrum bias caused by healthy controls
This study found the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) helps identify mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia in older adults in a psychiatric setting. It suggests the MoCA can aid in adapting treatment for these patients.
What are the neural correlates of meta-cognition and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review
Anosognosia, or unawareness of one's condition, is common in Alzheimer's Disease and impacts patient care and caregiver burden. It increases care costs and may predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
The US Preventive Services Task Force finds insufficient evidence to assess the benefits and harms of screening for cognitive impairment in older adults without recognized signs or symptoms.
Psychometric properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in healthy participants aged 18–70
The MoCA cognitive screening tool has shown mixed results regarding its reliability and how factors like education, age, and sex influence performance across different populations and languages.
One Size Does Not Fit All- Choosing Practical Cognitive Screening Tools for Your Practice
This article explains that free cognitive screening tools often become fee-based, forcing clinicians to switch. It also reviews different screening approaches and factors that influence test accuracy.
Global Cognitive Impairment Prevalence and Incidence in Community Dwelling Older Adults—A Systematic Review
The global elderly population is growing, increasing cognitive impairment prevalence and incidence. This review identified the need for more up-to-date data on cognitive impairment trends to help develop prevention strategies.
Brain networks underlying vulnerability and resilience to drug addiction
Research suggests that some individuals exhibit resilience to drug addiction, even with regular use or a family history. This resilience may involve compensatory brain systems that buffer the impact of drug use.
Girls in Juvenile Justice
Girls' involvement in the juvenile justice system is rising, often linked to trauma and mental health issues. They are more frequently involved in status offenses and enter the system at a younger age than boys.
Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: Translational critique of habit and compulsion theory
This paper evaluates goal-directed choice, habit, and compulsion theories of addiction. It finds that addiction is primarily driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice influenced by negative emotions.
Combined Pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With Alcohol or Substance Use Disorders - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and medication for addiction offered more benefits than usual care and medication alone. This highlights the importance of incorporating evidence-based therapies with pharmacotherapy in treatment.
Health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of diversion programs for low-level drug offenders: A model-based analysis
A jail diversion program for drug offenses would reduce HIV and HCV infections, overdose deaths, and incarceration rates while also saving money. Such programs benefit both individuals and the community.
Individual Differences in Accumbofrontal Tract Integrity Relate to Risky Decisions Under Stress in Adolescents and Adults
Adolescents' individual brain development and exposure to stress may influence their risk-taking decisions. A specific brain pathway, the accumbofrontal tract, can differentiate how stress affects risky decisions, regardless of age.
Initiating Pharmacologic Treatment in Tobacco-Dependent Adults. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Tobacco dependence is a chronic addiction that requires sustained treatment, not just encouragement to quit. New guidelines offer an evidence-based pathway for initial medication therapy to improve patient care.