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Brain networks underlying vulnerability and resilience to drug addiction
Research suggests that some individuals exhibit resilience to drug addiction, even with regular use or a family history. This resilience may involve compensatory brain systems that buffer the impact of drug use.
Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: Translational critique of habit and compulsion theory
This paper evaluates goal-directed choice, habit, and compulsion theories of addiction. It finds that addiction is primarily driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice influenced by negative emotions.
Combined Pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With Alcohol or Substance Use Disorders - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and medication for addiction offered more benefits than usual care and medication alone. This highlights the importance of incorporating evidence-based therapies with pharmacotherapy in treatment.
Health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of diversion programs for low-level drug offenders: A model-based analysis
A jail diversion program for drug offenses would reduce HIV and HCV infections, overdose deaths, and incarceration rates while also saving money. Such programs benefit both individuals and the community.
Initiating Pharmacologic Treatment in Tobacco-Dependent Adults. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Tobacco dependence is a chronic addiction that requires sustained treatment, not just encouragement to quit. New guidelines offer an evidence-based pathway for initial medication therapy to improve patient care.
Estimating the impact of wide scale uptake of screening and medications for opioid use disorder in US prisons and jails
Implementing medication for opioid use disorder in all US prisons and jails could prevent many overdose deaths. An estimated 3,200 to 11,200 lives could be saved annually if these treatments were widely available.
Alcohol Addiction, Gut Microbiota, and Alcoholism Treatment: A Review
Alcohol use disorder causes significant death and disability, impacting brain function and increasing risks of anxiety, depression, and liver disease. Current treatments offer limited success, highlighting a need for new interventions.
E-cigarettes, nicotine, the lung and the brain: Multi-level cascading pathophysiology
E-cigarettes are perceived as safer than tobacco, but their health effects, especially on the brain and lungs, are not fully understood. Research is struggling to keep pace with increasing use and changing perceptions.
Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Alcohol Use Disorder
This article highlights that sex differences influence alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. Researchers are increasingly including females in studies to understand how sex impacts the transition from alcohol use to misuse.
Insights into the neurobiology of craving in Opioid Use Disorder
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is driven by brain changes that enhance drug-related craving. This craving, a complex interplay of reward, stress, and learning, fuels drug-seeking and relapse.
Methamphetamine Use Disorder: The Next Addiction Crisis
Methamphetamine use and overdose deaths have significantly increased, posing a major public health challenge. The drug's complex neurobiology extends beyond traditional views, affecting multiple biological pathways in the brain.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: Genetic overlap and causality
The study found a shared genetic basis between ADHD and lifetime cannabis use. This shared genetic background may partially explain why individuals with ADHD have a higher risk of cannabis use.
One is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use
Drug addiction is a widespread and costly public health crisis. Polysubstance use is common and leads to worse treatment outcomes, including higher relapse rates and mortality.
Common and separable neural alterations in substance use disorders: A coordinate-based meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies in humans
The article suggests that while addiction shares common brain pathways, different substances may also cause specific brain changes. Understanding these unique alterations could lead to better-targeted addiction treatments.
Neuroscientific evidence in the courtroom: A review
Neuroscientific evidence can mitigate legal decisions, but brain imaging does not hold special persuasive power. The findings offer insights for scientists, legal scholars, judges, and jurors.