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In re Kimberly F.

The court created a test to decide if a child should return to a parent with past substance abuse, prioritizing the child's best interests.

child custodysubstance useparental fitnessbest interests of the childmultifactor balancing testchild welfaredrug abuseparental rightsreunification
(1997)

State v. Hungerford

The NH Supreme Court ruled testimony based on recovered repressed memories inadmissible. The Court found such memories lack sufficient scientific reliability and acceptance, particularly when therapy might influence them.

repressed memoriesrecovered memoriesinadmissible testimonyscientific reliabilitytherapy techniquesshaped memoriesmemory admissibilityexpert testimony
(1997)

Montana v. Egelhoff

The Supreme Court upheld a Montana law preventing juries from considering a defendant's intoxication when determining criminal intent. This affirmed states' power to define criminal offenses and their defenses.

intoxicationcriminal lawstates' rightsjurydue process
(1996)

US v. Carlson

The court ruled a defendant's drug addiction and intoxication did not excuse criminal conduct. This also did not justify a reduced sentence.

drug addictionintoxicationcriminal conductfederal sentencing guidelinesdownward departure
(1996)

Neal v. United States

The Supreme Court ruled judges, not juries, decide drug type and quantity for sentencing in drug conspiracy cases. This impacts how sentences are determined under federal guidelines.

sentencing guidelinesdrug conspiraciesdrug typedrug quantitysentencing judgesjuriesdrug sentencingsentencing
(1996)

Shahzade v. Gregory

The court permitted the use of repressed memory evidence of alleged childhood sexual abuse, finding it met the standards for expert testimony.

repressed memorychildhood sexual abuseRule 702Daubert standardssexual abusememory evidencealleged abuse
(1996)

Doe v. Maskell

The court ruled that repressed memories are like ordinary forgetting and do not extend the time limit for filing civil claims. This bars lawsuits based on recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse.

(1996)

State v. Quattrocchi

The court mandated a reliability hearing before allowing scientific evidence about repressed memories or flashbacks. This was due to concerns that therapy or suggestion could distort or implant memories.

(1996)

Herndon v. Whitworth

The court ruled that a prisoner receiving the wrong medication and delayed care was negligence, not deliberate indifference. This meant it did not violate the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

cruel and unusual punishmentdeliberate indifferencenegligencemedical malpracticeprison healthcaredelayed medical carewrong medication
(1995)

Woods v. Edwards

The 5th Circuit ruled that claims of unsanitary confinement and constant sleep deprivation are sufficient for an 8th Amendment case, recognizing sleep as a basic human need.

unsanitary confinementsleep deprivationdisruptions8th Amendmentbasic needssleep
(1995)

Madrid v Gomez

The court ruled Pelican Bay State Prison conditions violated the 8th Amendment due to excessive force and inadequate care. Placing mentally ill inmates in solitary confinement was likened to depriving an asthmatic of air.

Pelican Bay State Prison8th Amendmentexcessive forceinadequate carementally ill inmatessolitary confinement prison conditionmental healthprisoner rightscruel and unusual punishment
(1995)

Borawick v. Shay

The court ruled that memories recalled after hypnosis are not automatically allowed. It found the plaintiff's recovered abuse memories too unreliable for use in court.

hypnosisrecovered memoriesunreliable memoriesabuse memoriesadmissibility
(1995)

Isely v. Capuchin Province

The court ruled that expert testimony on PTSD and repressed memory is admissible if reliable. However, experts cannot vouch for a victim's credibility or state that abuse definitively happened.

PTSDrepressed memoryDaubert standardsexpert testimonyreliabilityalleged abusecredibilitylegal standards
(1995)

Farmer v. Brennan

The Supreme Court ruled that prison officials violate the Eighth Amendment if they disregard a known, substantial risk of serious harm to an inmate. This clarified the standard for "deliberate indifference."

Eighth Amendmentdeliberate indifferenceprison officialsinmate safetysubstantial risk of serious harmcruel and unusual punishmentprison conditionsliability
(1994)

Messina v. Mazzeo

The court allowed excessive force and medical claims from a man who sued police and jail staff. He alleged excessive force during arrest, denial of kosher food, and deliberate indifference to methadone withdrawal.

policeindifferencekosherJudaismJewishreligionreligiousphysicianmethadone
(1994)