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Young v. State

The Alaska Supreme Court found the prior legal test for eyewitness identification unreliable. It adopted a new standard based on modern scientific understanding of memory to better protect due process rights.

eyewitness identificationManson/Biggers frameworkdue process testmemoryestimator variablesestimator variablesmistaken identification
(2016)

Massey v. Commonwealth

The court ruled the victim's testimony was admissible. Expert evidence showed trauma can fragment memories, explaining delayed recall of sexual assault events.

victim testimonyexpert testimonypost-traumatic stressfragmented memorydelayed recallincomplete recallsexual assaultmemory recall
(2016)

Adolescent Impatience Decreases with Increased Frontostriatal Connectivity

Adolescence is a period of increased impulsivity, which is essential for developing adult skills but also linked to risky behaviors.

Impulsive behaviorImpatienceAdolescenceDelayed rewardsImmediate rewardsRewardSelf-controlconnectivitydelay discounting
(2015)

Age Differences in the Impact of Peers on Adolescents' and Adults' Neural Response to Reward

Adolescents take more risks when peers are present, even without direct peer pressure. Research suggests this peer effect in adolescents is linked to heightened reward sensitivity, impacting how their brains process rewards.

AdolescencePeer InfluenceReward processingRiskNeuroimagingBrain scanDevelopmentStratium
(2015)

Beyond Simple Models of Self-control to Circuit-based Accounts of Adolescent Behavior

The teen brain isn't "defective" but is shaped by biology and experiences during adolescence. This period sees high sensation-seeking and increased mental health issues, driven by complex developmental changes.

BrainAdolescenceChildhoodDevelopmentSelf-control cognitionemotionmotivation peersprefrontal cortex
(2015)

Pollard v. Drummond

The court found that firing a coal miner for prescribed methadone use, without assessing his individual risk, might be disability discrimination. This raised questions about whether he posed a direct threat.

ADAmethadoneemployment discriminationdirect threat
(2015)

State v. O’Dell

The Washington Supreme Court affirmed a child rape conviction but ruled trial courts can consider a defendant's youth as a mitigating factor in sentencing.

child rapeyouth as mitigating factorsentencingculpabilityage
(2015)

Horsley v. State

The Florida Supreme Court found a juvenile's mandatory life without parole sentence unconstitutional. The case was returned for resentencing consistent with juvenile sentencing laws.

juvenile offendernon-homicide offenseGraham v. FloridaMiller v. AlabamaresentencingEighth Amendment
(2015)

State v. Seats

The Iowa Supreme Court sent the case of a 17-year-old convicted of murder and sentenced to life without parole back for resentencing. This decision followed U.S. and Iowa Supreme Court rulings on cruel and unusual punishment.

juvenile offenderjuvenile life without paroleJLWOPMiller v. AlabamaIowa state constitutioncruel and unusual punishment
(2015)

State v. Riley

The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled a 100-year sentence for a juvenile was unconstitutional. The court mandated considering age and rehabilitation potential in discretionary sentencing for minors.

juvenile offenderjuvenile sentencinglife without paroleLWOPjuvenile life withour paroleJLWOPEighth AmendmentMiller v. Alabamadiscretionary sentencingrehabilitation
(2015)

Casiano v. Comm’r of Corr.

The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that Miller v. Alabama, which bars mandatory juvenile life without parole, applies retroactively. This means juveniles sentenced before Miller could have their life sentences reviewed.

Miller v. Alabamaretroactive applicationjuvenile sentencingconstitutional rights of juveniles
(2015)

State v. Houston

The Utah Supreme Court upheld juvenile life without parole sentences, finding they do not violate the Eighth Amendment. The court acknowledged potential for rehabilitation but noted severe crimes and individual circumstances.

LWOPEighth Amendment (U.S.)juvenile life without parolecruel and unusual punishmentrehabilitation potential of juveniles
(2015)

Brain Science and the Theory of Juvenile Mens Rea

This article argues that the legal standard for mental state in criminal law should be updated for juvenile offenders. It suggests considering scientific evidence about how adolescents' brains differ from adults'.

juvenile justiceEighth AmendmentFourth AmendmentMiranda v. ArizonaRoper v. SimmonsGraham v. FloridaMiller v. AlabamaJ.D.B. v. North Carolinamens rea
(2015)

McFadden v. United States

The Supreme Court ruled the government must prove a defendant knew a substance was controlled to prosecute under the Analogue Act.

controlled substancedrug prosecutioncriminal lawmens rea
(2015)

Cannabis Action Coalition v. City of Kent

The court affirmed Kent's ban on medical cannabis collective gardens, holding that state zoning law does not preempt municipal authority to regulate them.

medical cannabiszoningmunicipal bans
(2015)