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United States v. Adair
The court upheld Adair's 168-month sentence for leading an opioid ring. Despite her own addiction, she directed others and played a key organizing role in the operation.
State v. Casper
The Idaho Supreme Court upheld Casper's sentence and restitution. His extensive meth use, failed treatments, and violent history justified incarceration over rehabilitation.
United States v. Jocelyn Lopez-Sanchez
The court denied early release for Jocelyn Lopez-Sanchez, serving a fentanyl sentence. Her history of substance use and mental illness was not deemed "extraordinary" enough for compassionate release.
United States v. Horace Johnson
The court denied compassionate release due to Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine refusal, prior infection, and low prison case rates, despite his obesity and opioid use disorder.
The neurobiology of drug addiction: Cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex
Drug addiction is a chronic disease that causes widespread brain changes. This article reviews how drug abuse affects the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in emotion and decision-making.
Association of drug cues and craving with drug use and relapse: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A review of 237 studies found a significant link between drug cues, craving, and future drug use or relapse. These findings suggest that drug cues and craving are key factors in understanding drug use.
Prevalence of Mental Health Needs, Substance Use, and Co-occurring Disorders Among People Admitted to Prison
The number of people admitted to prison with both mental health needs and substance use disorders rose between 2009 and 2017. Methamphetamine and heroin use disorders increased, while cocaine use disorder decreased.
Gender differences among persons entering medication treatment for opioid use disorder in the community
Women beginning medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) were younger, more often White non-Hispanic and LGBTQ+, and had less incarceration than men.
Factors associated with retention on medications for opioid use disorder among a cohort of adults seeking treatment in the community
People with opioid use disorder who initiated methadone or buprenorphine treatment in the community experienced better retention when they had stable housing and were not using cocaine. Individuals referred from jail had lower retention.
Racial disparities in linkage to care among patients with substance use disorders
Peer support specialists may help link people with substance use disorders to treatment. However, Black patients were less likely to engage in treatment through these specialists in the emergency department.
Current status of vaccines for substance use disorders: A brief review of human studies
Vaccines for substance use disorders face significant hurdles for human use. While some drug vaccines show promise in animal studies, none have successfully promoted abstinence or reduced drug use in humans.
Longitudinal Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Symptom Severity at Age 18 Years and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood
Adolescent substance use disorder symptoms are linked to prescription drug use and misuse in adulthood. Those with more severe symptoms as teens face a higher risk of substance use issues later in life.
Neural Underpinnings of Social Stress in Substance Use Disorders
Individuals with substance use disorders often use drugs to cope with emotional pain, particularly from chronic social stress. This stress can affect brain responses to drugs and worsen illness risk.
The addiction risk factor: A unitary genetic vulnerability characterizes substance use disorders and their associations with common correlates
Substance use disorders and other mental health conditions share common genetic vulnerabilities. Understanding these genetic links could lead to better prevention and treatment.
Neuropsychiatric Model of Addiction Simplified
Research shows addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder influenced by both genetics and environment. Early life stress increases substance use risk, but interventions can mitigate these effects.