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State v. Saldana

The court reversed a sexual assault conviction. Expert testimony about rape trauma syndrome and victim credibility was improperly admitted.

sexual assaultconvictionreversedexpert testimonyrape trauma syndromecredibility
(1982)

People v. Shirley

The California Supreme Court reversed a rape conviction, ruling that testimony from a hypnotized witness was inadmissible. Hypnosis was not considered a generally accepted scientific method for reliable memory retrieval.

rape convictionhypnosismemory retrievalscientific acceptanceinadmissible testimonyreliable methodwitness testimonymemory restoration
(1982)

Rhodes v. Chapman

The Supreme Court ruled that prison conditions violate the Eighth Amendment only if they inflict unnecessary pain or are grossly disproportionate to the crime.

prison conditionsEighth Amendmentunnecessary painwanton paindisproportionatecrime severity
(1981)

Inmates of Allegheny Cty. Jail v. Pierce

The court found potential constitutional violations in a jail's psychiatric care due to inadequate staffing. It upheld bans on contact visits and methadone for pretrial detainees.

pretrial detaineesjail conditionscontact visitsmethadonepsychiatric careconstitutional violationsinadequate staffingfederal casecourt rulingremanded
(1979)

Bell v. Wolfish

The Supreme Court ruled pretrial detainees cannot be punished before conviction. However, restrictions reasonably related to legitimate government objectives are not considered punishment.

Due Process Clausepretrial detaineespunishmentconvictionrestrictions
(1979)

New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer

The Court upheld a transit authority's ban on methadone users working, finding it did not violate equal protection.

methadone usersEqual Protection Clauseemployment discriminationdisability discriminationsubstance uselegal precedentemployment law
(1979)

Bordenkircher v. Hayes

The Supreme Court ruled that prosecutors can threaten or bring harsher charges during plea bargaining if the defendant doesn't plead guilty, as long as the charges have probable cause.

(1978)

Todaro v. Ward

The court held that consistent delays and denials of medical care in prison can show deliberate indifference. This means systemic failures in care can be unconstitutional, not just isolated incidents.

prison medical caredeliberate indifferencesystemic failuresconstitutional claimnegligencedelays
(1977)

Whalen v. Roe

The Supreme Court upheld New York's prescription drug registry, finding that data collection to prevent drug misuse does not violate privacy rights.

privacy rightsprescription drug registrypatient datadata storagedrug misuseprivacy violation
(1977)

Manson v. Brathwaite

An identification procedure may be allowed even if suggestive, provided the identification is reliable under all the circumstances. Reliability is the key factor for due process.

identification proceduretotality of circumstancesidentificationreliablegoverning testunnecessarily suggestive
(1977)

Estelle v. Gamble

The Supreme Court ruled that deliberately ignoring a prisoner's serious medical needs is unconstitutional. However, medical negligence alone, without intent, is not a violation.

Estelle v. Gamble8th Amendmentcruel and unusual punishmentprisoner medical needsdeliberate indifferencemedical negligenceprisoner rights
(1976)

United States v. Masthers

A guilty plea is invalid if evidence suggests the defendant is not mentally competent. Courts must hold a hearing to ensure a plea is knowing and voluntary when mental competence is in doubt.

(1976)

United States v. Moore

The Supreme Court ruled physicians treating addiction can be prosecuted under the Controlled Substances Act if their prescribing practices fall outside accepted medical standards.

Controlled Substances Actmethadoneaddiction treatmentmedical practice
(1975)

Ravin v. State

The Alaska Supreme Court ruled that adults have a constitutional right to privacy to possess and use marijuana at home. This right stands unless the state proves a compelling reason to intervene.

right to privacymarijuanapersonal usehome usecompelling state interestadult use
(1975)

People v. Broadie

The Court of Appeals upheld mandatory life sentences for narcotics sales. It ruled that severe, inflexible penalties for drug offenses were not unconstitutionally disproportionate.

mandatory life sentence narcotics sales8th Amendmentunconstitutionally disproportionatedrug offensessevere penaltiesinflexible penaltiesdrug sentencing
(1975)