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State v. Stack

The court ruled that voluntary intoxication cannot be used as an insanity defense. This upheld a murder conviction for a man who claimed alcohol caused a blackout during a fatal assault.

alcohol use disorderblackoutnegating intentfatal assaultvoluntary intoxicationinsanitymurder
(2020)

Croft v. State

The defendant, sentenced to life as a juvenile offender, appealed based on new case law. The court held that the postconviction court lacked jurisdiction to resentence him.

juvenile offenderMiller v. AlabamaGraham v. FloridaAtwell v. Statelife sentenceparole eligibility
(2020)

Wittemen v. Florida

The court upheld a life sentence with parole eligibility after 25 years for a defendant convicted of murder at age 17, citing a recent Florida Supreme Court ruling.

juvenile offenderMiller v. AlabamaAtwell v. StateState v. Michellife sentenceparole eligibilityEighth Amendment
(2020)

G.T. v. Board of Education of Kanawha

The court found Kanawha County schools failed to provide effective behavior support for students with disabilities, violating federal law. This lack of support led to disciplinary actions and hindered learning for students like G.T.

Individualized Educational Plansspecial education lawclass-action lawsuiteducational rights of childrenleast restrictive environmentIndividuals with disabilitieskids with disabilities
(2020)

Commonwealth v. Bredhold

The Kentucky Supreme Court ruled that defendants not yet sentenced could not challenge the death penalty's constitutionality. The court vacated a lower court's finding that the death penalty for those under 21 was unconstitutional.

cruel and unusual punishmentEighth Amendment (U.S.)death penaltyKentucky Supreme Courtneurosciencejuvenile offenderyouth tried as adults
(2020)

Brain networks underlying vulnerability and resilience to drug addiction

Research suggests that some individuals exhibit resilience to drug addiction, even with regular use or a family history. This resilience may involve compensatory brain systems that buffer the impact of drug use.

functional connectivitycocainevulnerabilityresiliencefMRIaddictionresiliencebrain connectivitystriatal subsystemsdopamine signalingfamilial riskstimulant drugshabit formationgoal-directed behaviorcompulsive behavior
(2020)

Girls in Juvenile Justice

Girls' involvement in the juvenile justice system is rising, often linked to trauma and mental health issues. They are more frequently involved in status offenses and enter the system at a younger age than boys.

Juvenile justiceFemale offendersInterpersonal violenceGender-responsive programmingSchool-to-prison pipelineDisproportionate minority contact (DMC)Racial and ethnic disparities (RED)DiversionDecarcerationIntersectionalityTrauma-informed practice
(2020)

Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: Translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

This paper evaluates goal-directed choice, habit, and compulsion theories of addiction. It finds that addiction is primarily driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice influenced by negative emotions.

Addictiongoal-directed choicehabitcompulsionnegative affectdrug rewarddecision-makingdependencewithdrawalstress
(2020)

Combined Pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With Alcohol or Substance Use Disorders - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and medication for addiction offered more benefits than usual care and medication alone. This highlights the importance of incorporating evidence-based therapies with pharmacotherapy in treatment.

(2020)

Godsey v. Sawyer

Godsey sued the Bureau of Prisons for buprenorphine access. She received treatment via settlement, but her request for attorney fees was denied as she was not considered the prevailing party.

Bureau of Prisonssettlementbuprenorphinesubstance use disorder
(2020)

Crews v. Sawyer

The court declared this case moot after the Bureau of Prisons settled to continue MAT with buprenorphine. This ended the risk of treatment denial, supported by updated First Step Act policy.

Bureau of PrisonsMATbuprenorphineFirst Step Actsettlementsubstance use disorder
(2020)

In the Matter of Z.O.G.-I.

The court upheld a father's rights termination due to ongoing cannabis use, but sent the case back because of a legal error regarding co-parenting after termination.

cannabis useparental rightschild custodyco-parenting
(2020)

People v. Nichols

A court reversed a bail denial for Malisha Blyden. The defendant's mental illness and substance use caused him to miss court, and the court found exceptional hardship justified the full return of her $15,000 bail.

bail remissionmental illness substance use
(2020)

People v. Avila

The court upheld sentencing enhancements for a gang-related shooting. It found the defendant's substance abuse did not reduce their culpability for the crime.

sentencing enhancementssubstance usedrug useculpabilitygang-related shootingdiminished culpabilitysentencing
(2020)

People v. Whalum

The court ruled Proposition 64 did not change the felony ban on possessing cannabis in prison. It affirmed the denial of a recall petition.

cannabis possessionfelony Proposition 64
(2020)