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State v. Michaels

The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that coercive child interviews can distort memories, requiring a pretrial hearing. The State must clearly prove the testimony's reliability.

New Jersey Supreme Courtcoercive interviewssuggestive interviewschildren's memoriespretrial hearingreliable testimonychild witnessmemory distortion
(1994)

Helling v. McKinney

The Supreme Court ruled that prison conditions posing unreasonable future health risks, like secondhand smoke exposure, violate the Eighth Amendment if officials are deliberately indifferent.

Eighth Amendmentprison conditionshealth risksdeliberate indifferencecruel and unusual punishmentinmate rights
(1993)

Johnson v. Texas

The Supreme Court affirmed Dorsie Lee Johnson's death sentence. It held that considering a defendant's future dangerousness allows juries to adequately consider a defendant's youth.

juvenile sentencingfuture dangerousnessmitigating factors of youth
(1993)

Godinez v. Moran

The Supreme Court ruled that the same competency standard applies to pleading guilty, waiving counsel, and standing trial. A higher standard is not required, but waivers must be knowing and voluntary.

(1993)

State v. Provost

The Minnesota Supreme Court ruled in 1992 that psychiatric testimony on intent is inadmissible. Expert evidence on intoxication or mental illness cannot be used to negate criminal intent.

psychiatric testimonymens reaexpert evidenceaddictionintoxication
(1992)

McGuckin v. Smith

The 9th Circuit held that prison officials can violate the Eighth Amendment by showing deliberate indifference to a prisoner's serious medical needs. Courts must allow pro se prisoners a fair chance to amend their claims.

deliberate indifferenceserious medical needsprison officialspro se prisonersprison litigation
(1992)

US v. Southern Management Corp.

The court found landlords violated fair housing laws by refusing to rent to recovering drug rehabilitation participants, basing their decision on stereotypes rather than individual merit.

landlordsFHAFair Housing Act refusing to rentrecovering drug-rehab participantsstereotypesviolated
(1992)

United States v. Forbes

A Colorado court found the Analogue Act too vague for some synthetic drugs in 1992. This ruling challenged law enforcement's standards for similar substances.

Analogue Actsynthetic drugsunconstitutionally vaguelaw enforcementlegal challengesynthetic drug regulation
(1992)

Riggins v. Nevada

The Court ruled that forcibly medicating a defendant to make them competent for trial, without considering other options, violated their due process rights.

forced medicationantipsychoticscompetency to stand trialdue processinvoluntary medicationdefendant rightsmental health
(1992)

State v. Hall

The North Carolina Supreme Court reversed a rape conviction, ruling that PTSD and conversion disorder evidence can corroborate testimony, but not prove sexual assault. A new trial was ordered.

rape convictionnew trialPTSDconversion disordersexual assaultevidence
(1992)

McMaugh v. State

The Rhode Island Supreme Court ordered a new trial, recognizing battered woman's syndrome. Years of abuse prevented the defendant from assisting counsel and presenting an independent defense.

postconviction reliefnew trialbattered woman's syndromedomestic violenceabuse
(1992)

Ex parte Williams

The Alabama Supreme Court held that expert testimony on human memory is admissible in eyewitness identification cases. However, the expert was excluded because he was unfamiliar with the specific case and witness.

expert testimonyhuman memoryeyewitness identificationexclusion of expert
(1992)

Harris v. Thigpen

The court found Alabama's HIV segregation did not violate rights. Substandard medical care needs systemic deliberate indifference to breach Eighth Amendment standards.

HIV segregationEighth Amendmentmedical caredeliberate indifferencenegligent medical careprisoner rights
(1991)

Wilson v. Seiter

The Supreme Court ruled that prison officials must show "deliberate indifference" to inmates' needs, not just negligence, for an Eighth Amendment violation regarding prison conditions.

Eighth Amendmentdeliberate indifferenceprison conditionsinmate rightsnegligencecruel and unusual punishment
(1991)

People v. Silver

The court ruled expert testimony on marijuana's psychological effects was admissible in a murder trial. This supported a diminished capacity defense.

expert testimonymarijuanapsychological effectsdiminished capacity defensemurder
(1991)