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Impaired learning, memory, and extinction in posttraumatic stress disorder: translational meta-analysis of clinical and preclinical studies
This study found that individuals with PTSD and animal models of the condition show enhanced emotional learning but impaired neutral learning and memory, as well as reduced fear extinction.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Refugees
Research shows about 30% of refugees experience PTSD, significantly higher than the general population. Many refugees also suffer from complex PTSD, depression, and anxiety due to prolonged trauma.
The genetically informed neurobiology of addiction (GINA) model
Addiction is now understood as a neurobiological state influenced by genetics and environment. A new model, GINA, explains how genetic risk and substance-induced brain changes contribute to addiction's development.
Adolescence as a Pivotal Period for Emotion Regulation Development
Caregivers shape adolescent emotion regulation skills. Parental skills and behaviors predict youth emotion regulation, influencing both typical development and those at risk.
Adolescent Brain and Alcohol
Adolescent binge drinking increases the risk of adult psychiatric and substance use disorders. It causes lasting changes in brain function, connectivity, and behavior, affecting memory and social skills.
Cascades from Early Adolescent Impulsivity to Late Adolescent Antisocial Personality Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder
Targeting impulsivity early in adolescence could prevent alcohol use disorder and antisocial personality disorder by slowing the growth of antisocial behavior. Intervening after early adolescence may be too late to prevent these conditions.
Contribution of Brain Cortical Features to the Psychological Risk Profile of Juvenile Offenders
Most adolescent crime stops in adulthood, but a small group of offenders continue into later life. This persistent behavior is linked to early adversity, psychopathy, and neurodevelopmental challenges.
Current Understanding of Developmental Changes in Adolescent Perspective Taking
Adolescents continually develop perspective-taking abilities, which are crucial for forming positive relationships and mental well-being. This development involves refining advanced social skills to navigate complex social interactions.
Adolescent Decision Making: Reduced Culpability in the Criminal Justice System and Recognition of Capability in Other Legal Contexts
Adolescents should receive reduced criminal justice penalties but increased medical decision autonomy, especially for end-of-life choices. This is because their decision-making capacity varies significantly with context.
Alcohol use disorder-associated structural and functional characteristics of the insula
Chronic alcohol use is linked to altered brain function and structure, particularly in areas related to executive function and emotion. Studies show changes in the insula, a key brain region, are associated with alcohol use disorder.
Time for a paradigm shift: The adolescent brain in addiction treatment
Adolescent brain development uniquely impacts problem drinking and treatment effectiveness. Research highlights distinct neural responses in teens during therapy, suggesting new approaches are needed.
Effects of OPRM1 and DRD2 on brain structure in drug-naïve adolescents: Genetic and neural vulnerabilities to substance use
Adolescent substance use, though declining, remains prevalent and can negatively impact brain development, increasing future risk. Identifying genetic risk factors may help target preventative strategies.
Biological aging processes underlying cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease
As people age, many core cognitive abilities begin to decline, and brain changes include reduced gray matter. This decline is not a sudden drop but a gradual decrease in abilities across the lifespan.
Crime-Specific Recidivism in Criminal Justice Clients with Substance Use - A Cohort Study
Previously sentenced individuals often reoffend, with high reconviction rates globally. Substance use disorders are strongly linked to increased offending, and mental health issues are common among those with SUDs.
Neurobiological mechanisms and related clinical treatment of addiction: A review
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking, loss of control, and negative emotional states.